WATER FOR INJECTION

WATER FOR INJECTION

Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination. A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection. Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic. It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.

Other preparations

Warfarin inhibits synthesis of vit K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X as well as the anticoagulant protein C and its cofactor protein S. These clotting factors are biologically activated by the addition of carboxyl groups to key glutamic acid residues w/in the proteins' structure. Warfarin competitively inhibits the C1 subunit of the multi-unit vit K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme complex, thus depleting functional vit K reserves and hence reduces synthesis of active clotting factors.